![]() |
Image courtesy of
Massimiliano
Dessì
|
You can find the full source code
for this blog post in the submarine-examples
repository.
Different programming languages are
better for different purposes. Imagine how hard would it be to query
a database using an imperative language: luckily, we use SQL for
that. Now, imagine how useless would a rule engine be, if defining
rules were not convenient! This is the reason why Drools comes with
its own custom language, the DRL. The Drools Rule Language is
in a so-called domain-specific language, a special-purpose
programming language specifically designed to make interaction with a
rule engine easier.
In particular, a rule is made of two
main parts, the condition and the consequence.
The condition is a list of logic
predicates, usually pattern matches, while the consequence is written
using an imperative language, usually Java.
An Abstract Rule Engine
Rules are what really make a
rule engine. After all, that's what a rule engine does:
processing rules. Thus, it might sound kind of logical for the
engine to be a bit entangled with the language for rule
definitions. Our engine is not specially tied to the DRL; but
it used to.
In the last year or so, we spent a lot
of time unbundling the innards of the DRL from the guts of the Drools
core. The result of this effort is what we called the Canonical
Model; that is, an abstract representation of the components that
make up a rule engine, including rule definitions. Incidentally, this
also paved the way for supporting GraalVM
and the Quarkus
framework; but our goal was also different. We wanted to abstract
our engine from the rule language.
Internally, the DRL is now translated
into the canonical representation; but, as
we said previously, this canonical model is described
using Java code. While this representation is not currently
intended to be hand-coded, it is very possible to do so. The
following is a simple rewriting of the previous DRL rule.
As you can see, although the rule
definition is now embedded in a Java "host"
language, it still shows the main features of a DRL definition,
namely, the logic condition and the imperative consequence
(introduced by the on...execute
pair) In other words, this is a so-called embedded or internal
domain-specific language.
A small disclaimer applies: the
code above works, but our translator takes extra steps for best
performance, such as introducing indexes. In fact, one of the
reasons why we do not intend this API for public consumption
is that, currently, a naive rewrite like this may produce inefficient
rules.
A Polyglot Automation Platform
As part of our journey experimenting
with our programming model, we wanted to see whether it was feasible
to interact with our engine using different programming languages.
DRL aside, the canonical model rule definition API is pure-Java.
But GraalVM is not only a tool
to generate native binaries: in fact, this is only one
of the capabilities of this terrific project. GraalVM is, first and
foremost, the one
VM to rule them all: that is, a polyglot
runtime, with first-class support for both JVM languages and many
other dynamic programming languages, with a state-of-the-art JIT
compiler, that easily
compares or exceeds the performance of the industry standards.
For instance, there is already support for R, Ruby, JavaScript and
Python; and, compared to writing a JIT compiler from scratch, the
Truffle
framework makes it terribly easy to write your own,
and fine-tuning it to perfection.
GraalVM gave us a great occasion
to show how easy could it be to make Drools polyglot, and,
above all, to play an awful practical joke on our beloved,
hard-working, conference-speaking, JavaScript-hating, resident Java
Champion and tech lead Mario!
Enter drools.js:
Jokes aside, this experiment is a
window over one of the many possible futures of our platform. The
world of application development today is polyglot. We cannot
ignore this, and we are trying to understand how to reach a wider
audience with our technologies, be it our rule engine, or our
workflow orchestration engine; in fact, we are doing the same
experiments with other parts of the platform, such as jBPM.
jBPM provides its own DSL for workflow
definition. Although this is, again, work in progress, it shows a lot
of promise as well. Behold: jbpm.js!
Conclusion
The DRL has served its purpose for a
very long time, but we are already providing different ways to
interact with our powerful engine, such as DMN and PMML; but power
users will always want to reach for finer tuning and write their own
rules.
The canonical model API is still a
work-in-progress, and, above all, an internal API that is not
intended for human consumption; but, if there is enough interest, we
do plan to work further to provide a more convenient embedded DSL
for rule definition. Through the power of GraalVM, we will be able to
realize an embedded DSL that is just as writable in Java as any
other language that GraalVM supports.
And this includes JavaScript; sorry
Mario!

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Definitely interested in expanding options and power made easy for defining rules. Supporting layering a custom DSL over top of power-user intended JavaScript or Python based DRL would be a great thing as well. There are some scenarios we could tailor specifically if this was well supported. Even in Java, it would be nice to be able to write code in version 11 (LTS).
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